Papaya cultivation in India

Wednesday, 21 December 2016

INTRODUCTION

Red lady papaya plantation is going to the best business in India. The major papaya growing states in India are AP,MH, TN, KERALA, W.B, ORRISA, HP, UK. It produce high income per unit area only next to banna & have high nutritive & medicinal value. Papaya is used as fruit, fruit salad and vegetable & its latex is use for papain enzyme in pharmaceutical use.
The modern farming is not less important than business and jobs; you just need to make a right selection of crop, hard work and proper guidance. By doing this you can make more profit than any other business or job. With this growing scenario of modernization agriculture becomes more profitable than any other business thanks to professional farming and advance technology which helps farmers to reduce the time involved in complete production of the crops which is also have good profit margin as compared to any other crops. You can also earn more profit through farming of 786 Taiwan red lady hybrid papayas. Thus, by cultivating this crop with the help of scientific methods and technology we can make a good profit of ourselves and for the country. We are providing its consultancy since last 12 years and accumulate a quite different experience in it, which we promise to share with each and every individual who keeps interest in this crop. With the drastic change in the field of agriculture the new techniques of papaya cultivation have been developed. This technique includes mulching, and dripping. For the complete information and guidelines of this techniques we are giving all over India

Thursday, 10 July 2014

Traditional and Medicinal Uses of papaya

Papaya is a powerhouse of nutrients and is available throughout the year. It is a rich source of threes powerful antioxidant vitamin C, vitamin A and vitamin E; the minerals, magnesium and potassium; the B vitamin pantothenic acid and folate and fiber. In addition to all this, it contains a digestive enzyme-papaintha effectively treats causes of trauma, allergies and sports injuries. All the nutrients of papaya as a whole improve
cardiovascular system, protect against heart diseases, heart attacks, strokes and prevent colon cancer. The fruit is an excellent source of beta carotene that prevents damage caused by free radicals that may cause some forms of cancer. It is reported that it helps in the prevention of diabetic heart disease. Papaya lowers high cholesterol levels as it is a good source of fiber.

Papaya effectively treats and improves all types of digestive and abdominal disorders. It is a medicine for dyspepsia, hyperacidity, dysentery and constipation. Papaya helps in the digestion of proteins as it is a rich source of proteolytic enzymes. Even papain-a digestive enzyme found in papaya is extracted, dried as a powder and used as an aid in digestion. Ripe fruit consumed regularly helps in habitual constipation. It is also reported that papaya prevents premature aging. It may be that it works because a poor digestion
does not provide enough nutrients to our body. The fruit is regarded as a remedy for abdominal disorders, The skin of papaya works as a best medicine for wounds. Even you can use the pulp left after extracting the juice from papaya as poultice on the wounds. The enzymes papain and chymopapain and antioxidant nutrients found in
papaya have been found helpful in lowering inflammation and healing burns. That is why
people with diseases( such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis) that are worsened by inflammation, find relief as the severity of the condition reduces after taking all these nutrients. Papaya contributes to a healthy immune system by increasing your resistance to coughs and colds because of its vitamin A and C contents. Papaya
included in your diet ensures a good supply of vitamin A and C that are highly essential for maintaining a good health. Carica papaya constituents exhibit alkaline combination, as with borax or potassium carbonate and they have showed good results in treatment of warts, corns, sinuses, eczema, cutaneous tubercles and other hardness of the skin, and also injected into indolent glandular tumors to promote their absorption. Green fruits of papaya are used to treat high blood pressure, dyspepsia, constipation, amenorrhoea, general debility, expel worms and stimulate reproductive organs.

Monday, 19 May 2014

Healing Properties of Papaya

- Increases quality of proteins in whole organism.
- Revitalize the human body and maintain energy and vitality.
- Encourages the renewal of muscle tissue.
- Supports cardiovascular system.
- Boosts up the immune system.
- Helps with the digestive system, by breaking down the proteins and supporting production of digestive enzymes.
- Papaya can also be used externally as treatment for skin wounds that don’t heal quickly;
for this, you can use papaya peel or ointments made out of papaya.
- Prevents the cataract formation.
- Due to high vitamin A, it lowers the risk of emphysema in smokers and passive smokers.
- Alleviates inflammation.
- Helps with the nausea and constipation.
- Can benefit people suffering from colon cancer and other forms of cancers and ailments of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems.

Tuesday, 15 April 2014

Papaya marmalades

Processing
Jams are basically preparations made of fruit (jams) and various sugars that are made conservable mainly by heat treatment (boil down). The half-set yet spreadable consistency of these products is achieved by releasing the pectin found in the fruit pulp during the boiling process, and using this together with further pectin added to form a jelly-like mass. The preparation stages from fresh fruit to jam are outlined and then described more fully below:

fruit

sorting

washing

Peeling and sorting

pulping

addition of sugar

heating and boiling down

possible addition of pectin, citric acid and organic then renewed heating

filling into jars

vacuum sealing

Pasteurising

cooling

labelling and storing

• Sorting

After harvesting, the fruits are sorted, because only those that are fresh, ripe and not rotten can be used to make jams. Jams can also be made from previously prepared, frozen fruits and pulp.

• Washing

The fruit should be washed very carefully as it can easily be damaged.

• Peeling and sorting

This follows the procedure of removing leaves, wooden pieces, pips or seeds and peel. Peeling is often done manually, or with knives, yet sometimes the skin is loosened with steam and then subsequently rubbed away mechanically. Finally, the fruits are sorted again to remove any blackened pieces, bits of peeling seeds etc.

• Pulping and adding sugar

The peeled fruits are then pulped, and sugar added. They might also be mixed with water or fruit juice. To make jam, at least 350 g fruit per 1000 g finished product must be used; to make jam extra, at least 450 g fruit per 1000 g finished product must be used. The sugar must be organically grown.

• Heating and boiling

The mixture is now heated to 70-80°C and boiled down, while constantly being stirred, at 65°C until shortly before it reaches the desired consistency.

• Adding citric acid, pectin and spices (optional)

If necessary or desired, citric acid, pectin and spices (spices from certified organic agriculture) natural flavourings can be added, and the mixture again briefly heated to 80°C.

• Filling into jars, vacuum-sealing and Pasteurising

The liquid mass is now poured into jars, vacuum-sealed and pasteurised.

• Cooling, labelling and storage

After the heating process, the jams are first cooled to 40°C, and then subsequently

down to storage temperature, labelled, and finally stored.

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Saturday, 12 April 2014

Nutrients

lime
normally dolomitic lime, supplies the soil with the important nutrients, calcium and magnesium, and reduces soil acidity and potentially toxic elements such as aluminium as well as manganese. The quantity of lime required will depend on the pH, aluminium (extractable acidity) and the clay content of a soil. Because lime moves slowly in the soil, it must be broadcast and incorporated into the soil to a depth of at least 500 mm before planting. After planting annual maintenance lime applications of about 1 to 2 t/ha are necessary to avoid reacidification of the soil caused by acidifying fertilisers, rainfall and irrigation. Apply early in the season but not within 3 weeks of nitrogen applications

phoSphoruS

Phosphorus (P) is an important nutrient for papayas because moderate applications at the vegetative stage of the plant will encourage an active root system, stimulate vegetative growth and enhance flower initiation as well as fruit set. However, P fertilisation remains in the soil for a long time and because the P requirements
of papaya plants are relatively small, growers must avoid overapplication of this element. Overapplication can induce an iron and a zinc deficiency and has negative consequences on yield and fruit quality. Because P fertiliser moves relatively slowly in the soil, a preplant phosphorus application is essential. A single superphosphate which also contains sulphur, is normally recommended as a broadcast application and
incorporated into the soil about 1 to 3 months before planting. Other frequent sources of P, such as MAP (mono ammonium phosphate) and DAP (double ammonium phosphate) are recommended on alkaline soils (pH >7,5) where uptake of P can be a problem. An annual maintenance application of 450 g uperphosphate
during spring from the second year after planting is recommended. If, however, soil and petiole sampling indicate that these levels are high, P fertilisation should be reduced or stopped.

nitrogen

Nitrogen (N) is most important for increasing yields. However, overapplication will cause the plants to produce a large number of smaller sized fruit. Overapplication is also associated with soft fruit, which has serious implications in the shipment of papayas from the field to the packing plant and eventually to the market and the consumer
.The most frequent source of nitrogen fertiliser is LAN (28 % N) (limestone ammonium nitrate), urea (46 % N) and ASN (27 % N) (ammonium sulphate nitrate). LAN is recommended in most cases, except on alkaline soils (pH >7–7,5) where ASN is more suitable. Urea is also used frequently and is suitable for soils that are not too acid or alkaline, or too sandy.
Once papaya plants are established and growing actively, apply 60 g LAN every 6 weeks during the first year. Thereafter apply 120 g LAN every 2 months during the active growing period (between about September and April). During cold winters, when root activity is inhibited, foliar application of urea at 5 g/l can also promote growth and fruit set.

organic FertiliSer

• Organic fertiliser such as kraal manure improves the physical and biological properties of the soil.
• Farm manure should, however, be analysed before it is used on papaya because manure, such as poultry manure, has a high P content, which can be detrimental to plants and induces micronutrient deficiencies if excessive quantities are applied. However, poultry manure can be useful on very sandy soils if P uptake is very poor and the plants lack vigour.
.If well-decomposed kraal manure is available, a preplant application of about 5 to 10 t/ha can be incorporated into the soil.
• Keep in mind that overapplication of manure/organic fertiliser can result in soft fruit, especially if applied during spring.
• Do not apply manure within 300 mm of the trunk

.FertiliSer mixeS

Fertiliser mixes are described by their ratio of nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium (N:P:K), for example a 3:1:5 (30) mixture will contain 10 g N/100 g of fertiliser. No single mix can be recommended for papaya because the N:P:K ratios will depend on soil and petiole analyses. However, on a soil with a high P content a 1:0:1 (47) mix at 70 g/application/plant during the first year can be used if potassium is required.

potaSSium

An adequate supply of potassium (K) is necessary for the development of roots, stem, leaves and fruit of papaya plants as well as for fruit quality and size. Excessive supply 18of potassium will reduce the uptake of calcium, magnesium and boron, which can have a negative effect on fruit quality.
Potassium is recommended as a preplant soil application if the K levels in the soil are low. As a guideline, maintenance K applications of 150 g potassium chloride (KCl) or 180 g potassium sulphate (K2SO4) per tree per year during the first year and 200 g KCl or 240 g K2SO4 during the second year are ecommended. Apply about 40 % of the fertiliser during the vegetative phase and 60 % during the fruit growth and development phase. Two to 3 applications should be sufficient on most soils. Further adjustments must be made according to petiole K levels. On certain heavy soils where the Ca + Mg/K ratios are very high, higher K-fertiliser applications will be required to maintain optimum levels.

Wednesday, 2 April 2014

Health Benefits of Papaya

Aeging :Papaya contains a high amount of antioxidants Vitamin C, Vitamin E and beta-carotene that protects from early ageing. Ageing is a common problem and increasing day by ay. Food rich with antioxidants protect from free radical. Free radicals damage skin and increase the speed of ageing. But it is proven that eating antioxidants slower the process of early ageing.

Heart Health: Papaya contains a good amount of fiber which is effective to reduce cholesterol level in blood. Thus it improves blood flow towards the heart. As orange is a citrus fruit, it is highly preferred to protect from cardiovascular disease. It protects from stroke, heart attack and high blood pressure. Also it contains a good amount of potassium which increase fluid level. So it balances sodium level and maintain blood pressure.

Apart from these high nutrient content papaya contains varieties of antioxidants Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Beta-carotene. These antioxidants protect the heart from free radical damage. Free radicals actively damage LDL and HDL cholesterol and increases the deposition of cholesterol in arthritis. This reduces flow of blood towards the heart. This increase the risk of heart attack, hypertension and stroke. But due to rich antioxidants papaya becomes effective to protect from free radicals. Antioxidants have proven to neutralize free radicals and protect Cardiovascular System.

Improves Digestion: Papaya contains a high amount of digestive enzyme known as papain. Papain a fiber is highly beneficial to improve digestion and absorption of protein. Rich fiber food cleanses toxin stored in the colon. Thus eating papaya reduces the risk of colon cancer. Also high antioxidants of papaya protect the stomach from free radical damage. Thus papaya is very healthy food that actively improves stomach and colon health.

Protect from Cancer: Papaya is a rich source of antioxidants, phytonutrients and flavonoid that make it highly beneficial to protect from cancer. It protects from free radicals which is responsible for damage of the cells DNA and cancer cells are formed. Scientifically it has been proven that antioxidants protect from free radicals. Papaya protects from colon and prostate cancer.

Immunity: Papaya contains an excellent source of Vitamin C, Vitamin A and Beta-carotene. It provides 140% of daily RDA value. With a high amount of antioxidants it increases immune system function to protect against common diseases like cough, cold, flu and infections.

Eye Health: Papaya contains Vitamin A, important nutrient for eye health. It increases eye vision and protect from free radicals. As it is a rich source of other antioxidants, thus it is highly effective to prevent degeneration of the retina. So papaya protect from cataract and macular degeneration.

Papayas Benefits for Cardiac Health Care Papaya contains a good amount of dietary fiber. It is found that eating fiber rich food reduces sugar spikes in diabetes patient.The presence of pro- carotenoid phytonutrients help prevent oxidization of cholesterol in the body. These compounds also prevent the cholesterol from oxidising in the body, which leads to plaque build up on the wall of the arteries ultimately ending up causing a heart attack or stroke. Since papayas are rich in dietary fibre, they help reduce cholesterol in the body.

Friday, 28 March 2014

Fun facts

▪ The papaya is actually
classified as a berry

▪ The black seeds in the
center of a papaya are edible
and have a spicy, peppery
taste

▪ Papaya plants are not trees,
but giant herbs

▪ Papaya plants can grow 6-
10 feet in just 10-12 months

▪ Papaya seeds and leaves
have been used for medicine
in tropical cultures

▪ Papaya contains an enzyme
papain that can be used as a
meat tenderizer

▪ One serving of papaya will
provide you all the vitamin C
that you need in one day

Thursday, 27 March 2014

Varieties

Coorg Honey Dew :

Popularly known as 'Madhubindu' and is cultivated for table as well as processing purpose. The
variety bears greenish-yellow oblong-shaped fruits with orange thick flesh and good flavour. The
variety can be maintained pure by growing in isolation. Due to its excellent fruit quality it fetches good market value.

Pusa Majesty :

A gynodioecious line, tolerant to viral diseases and root knot nematodes. The variety is suitable for papain production and is comparable to C0.2 variety for papain yield. The fruits are medium-sized, 1-1.5 kg in weight, round in shape and have better keeping quality. It starts fruiting 146 days from the time of transplanting. The variety is tolerant to root knot nematode.

Pusa Delicious :

This is a gynodioecious line with medium-tall plants, starts yielding 8 months after planting and has good quality fruits (10°-13° Brix). The fruit is medium-sized (1-2 kg) with deep orange flesh having excellent flavour. It is grown as a table purpose variety.

Washington :

It is a table purpose variety. Fruits are round to ovate, medium-large in size with few seeds. When ripe, skin attains a bright yellow colour. The average weight of fruit ranges from 1.5-2 kg. Male and female plants are separate.

Pusa Giant :

Plants are vigorous, sturdy and tolerant to strong wind. It is a dioecious cultivar with big-sized (2.5-3 kg) fruits, suitable for canning industry.

Pusa Dwarf :

It is a dioecious variety with dwarf plants and medium-sized (1-2 kg) oval fruits. The plant starts bearing from 25 to 30 cm above-ground level and is comparatively drought hardy. This variety is very suitable for high-density plantin

Solo :

It is a table purpose variety. The fruits are small with deep pink pulp and a sweet taste. Excellent for kitchen garden.

Ranchi :

It is a variety from Bihar and popular in south India. The fruits are oblong with dark yellow pulp and sweet taste.

IIHR39 and IIHR54 :

Developed at IIHR, Bangalore. This variety bears medium sized sweet fruit with high TSS (14.5° Brix) and better shelf life.

Taiwan-785 :

This variety is cultivated for table as well as processing purpose. The plant is dwarf in habit,
producing the first fruit within 60-75 cm from the ground level. Fruits are oblong with thick orange red sweet pulp. Each tree yields 100-125 fruits in one year. It has a good keeping quality and disease tolerant.

Taiwan-786 :

It is a gynodioecious variety cultivated for table as well as processing purpose. The fruits are oblong
with a tasty sweet pulp having few seeds. The plant starts bearing fruits from 100 cm above the ground

level. The fruit weigh between 1-3 kg and has excellent keeping quality.

Why 786 Taiwan Papaya?

1. By farming of this crop we can earn more profit than any other crop.
2. The fruit of the Papaya do no rancid up to 15 days after complete ripe. That in turn proves helpful in export of this fruits to any other state or country.
3. Papaya plant takes only 4 months to give fruits and 8 months to pluck the fruit from the plant.
4. An average production of this crop is 40 to 60 kilograms per plant.
5. It is very delicious in test and beneficial for health.

How to do farming of 786 Taiwan Papaya?

1. For the cultivation of Papaya crop the soil of the field must be very fertile. The land where rain water accumulates is not fruitful for this crop.
2. Do not grow any other crop with papaya and do not grow papaya with any other crop.
3. Do not grow new papaya crop nearby old once.
4. The distance between each papaya plant must be 7*6 or 6*5 feet.
5. There must be 1100 papaya plants per acre.
6. Before the cultivation of this crop the farm must be well equipped with gobar fertilizers i.e. 3 to 5 trolly of the tractor per acre.
7. Also aid 3 to 5 bags of super fertilizer in the field.
8. Keep the plants before 3 to 4 days before actual farming in order to acclimatize the plants in the climate of your region.
9. Do not keep plants in closed room or go-down. Instead keep them on the shadow of tree where proper trespassing of air occurred.
10. Farm the plants in field after noon time.
11. Always keep the pump used in spray for this crop separate from other crops.
12. Do not use pesticides or insecticides in papaya plants.
13. You can put the papaya crop in between maize crop in order to save the plants from the sun.
14. Once the papaya plants grow to a minimum height cut out the maize crop from the field.
15. Irrigation of the plants must be in accordance with need. It requires more irrigation in summer.
16. Gather the surrounding soil to the plant before rainy days.
17. Cut out the unshaped fruits from the plant before they get at most 250kg/fruit.
18. After first rain paint the plants with copper sulphate or lime below the fruits height.

Climate:

Papaya is a tropical fruit. However, it also grows well in mild subtropical regions of the country up

To 1,000 m above mean sea-level. Temperature is one of the most important climatic factors which

determines the success of papaya cultivation. Night temperature below 12⁰-14 c for several hours

during winter season affects its growth and production severely. It is very much sensitive to frost, strong winds and water stagnation.

Soil:

It can grow in a wide variety of soils, provided these are well-drained and aerated. A rich, well-drained Sandy loam soil is ideal for its cultivation. It grows well in deep, rich, alluvial soils on banks and deltas Of big rivers of India. Papaya can also be grown in calcareous and stony soils provided with heavy Dose of organic manures. Soils with pH (8.0) and low pH (5.0) should be avoided.

Sowing

Papaya plantation

About 250-300g seeds are sufficient for a hectare. The seedlings can be raised in nursery-beds 3m long, 1m wide and 10cm high as well as in pots or polythene bags the seeds should be sown 1cm deep in rows 10cm apart and covered with fine compost or leaf-mouth. Light watering should be done with water can in the morning. The nursery-beds may be covered with polythene sheet or dry paddy straw to protect seedlings. Tender seedlings should also be protected from heavy rainfall. Dusting of insecticides to protect the seedlings against insect pests is also advised. Damping off is most serious disease. Treating seeds with 0.1% monsoon (phenyl mercury acetate) ceresin, agro san or thiram dust before sowing is the best preventive measure to check it. The nursery-beds should also be treated with 5% formaldehyde solution before sowing. If disease appears in the nursery, Bordeaux mixture (1%) or copper ox chloride (0.2%) should be sprayed.

The seedlings raised in polythene bags stand transplanting better than those raised in seed-beds perforated polythene bags of 20cm x15cm size of 150-200 gauges can be used as a container. They are filled with a mixture of farmyard manure, soil and in equal proportion. Four to five seeds are sown in each bag. After germination only three seedlings are retained.

The seedlings may be transferred to nursery-beds or pots or polythene bags to avoid overcrowding and further check of growth of. This is also done when the field is not ready for planting. Generally

15-20 cm tall seedlings become ready for planting in about two months.

Field preparation since papaya does not withstand water logging; a well-drained upland should be selected for its cultivation. Its plants are also sensitive to strong winds. In open and high-lying areas, where plants are exposed to strong winds or storm, suitable windbreaks are essential to protect them. Such windbreaks also save the trees to a great extent from damage caused by cold winds or frost. The seedlings are planted in pits of 60cmx60cm size. The pits are dug about 15 days before in summer and filled with top soil along with 20kg farmyard manure ,1kg neem or karanja cake and 1kg bone-meal or fish-meal, tall and vigorous varieties are planted at greater spacing , while medium and dwarf ones at closer spacing.

Papaya seed sowing

CULTURAL MANAGEMENT

Propagation
Papaya is propagated with seeds. Wash the seeds and remove the gelatinous covering as this can inhibit germination. Get seed from selected fruits produced by controlled pollination to insure the quality and uniformity of the plantings. Raise 3-4 seedlings per container (plastic bag) and field plant when they are 20 cm high.

Land preparation

For open field planting, the land is plowed and harrowed twice. An elevated plot along the row is made by plowing on barring with two passes on each side. This will insure proper irrigation and drainage
Organic fertilizer and manure should be spread and incorporated in the soil during land preparation. .

Planting

Planting distance is 2,5 m x 1.6 m to 3m x 2 m. This can be increased if papaya is inter-cropped with coconut and other crops. Retain one female or one hermaphrodite plant per hill by thinning out extra plants at flowering stage. In the absence of hermaphrodite plants, one male plant per 25-100 female plants is retained as pollinator.
There are no reliable characteristics to distinguish male, female and hermaphrodite plants until they bear flowers. This is the reason why 2-3 plants are recommended to be planted and allowed to grow on each hill until flowering. The plants bear flower in 6 months after germination.
When the flowers appear and the sex determined, remove the male and undesirable plants. Leave only on vigorous hermaphrodite of female plant.

1. Remove side growths along the leaf axles that occur during the early stages of plant growth. They compete with plant nutrients needed by the plant. These areas can also harbor pests and diseases

2. Always exercise general sanitation. Clean fields minimize spread of pests and diseases.

3. Regularly remove diseased, senescent and dried leaves. These areas provide good habitat and unnecessary source of pests and diseases.

4. Cut down and carry away blown down and diseased trees from the field. Diseased leaves and fruits will be removed and buried or burned.

IRRIGATION:

Optimum soil moisture is essential for growth, yield and quality and of fruits. Under low moisture conditions, floral sex shifts towards female sterility, resulting in low yield. At the same time, over- irrigations may cause root-rot disease. Thus efficient water management is required in papaya cultivation. Number of irrigations depends upon soil type and weather conditions of the region. Protective irrigation is required in the first year of planting. In the second year when its plants are laden with fruits, irrigation at fortnightly interval in winter and at 10 days interval in summer is needed from October till May.

Generally basin system of irrigation is used but care is taken to avoid water stagnation around the plant. In low rainfall area, where the water is scarce, sprinkler or drip system can be adopted. Papaya plants are very susceptible to water logging. Even 24 hr stagnation with water may kill the well- established plants. Therefore it is most important to select upland for papaya plantation. It may further be shaped sloppy in heavy rainfall areas to make a few furrows or trenches for quick and complete drainage of water during rainy season.

MANURE & FERTILIZER:

Papaya is a heavy feeder and needs heavy doses of manures and fertilizers. Apart from the basal dose of manures applied in the pits, 200-250g each of N,P 205 and K20 are recommended for getting high yield. Application of 200g N is optimum for fruit but papain yield increases with increase in N up to 300g. A dose of v250g N, 250G p and 500g K/plants is recommended for papaya coorg honey dew under Bangalore conditions, while 200g each of N, P and Kin split doses in the first, third, fifth and seventh month is recommended for papaya co 1 under Coimbatore conditions.

Deficiency of lime and B has often been observed in papaya orchards. Spraying of 0.5% zinc sulphate (twice) and one spray of borax (0.1%) may be done depending upon the nutrient status of soil.

Fertilizers

Fertilizers recommendation after 1 month from the farming. (Basis: Per Acre)
1. Calcium Nitrate – 15 KG.

2. Zinc Sulphate – 15 KG.
3. Holmic Acid (Granular) – 5 KG.
4. Potash – 50 KG.

Fertilizers recommendation after 2 Months from the farming

1. DAP – 75 KG.
2. Potash – 75 KG.

Fertilizers recommendation after 4 Months from the farming .

1. DAP – 75 KG.
2. Micro Nutrient – 10 KG.
3. Potash – 75 KG.

WEED CONTRO

Weeds grow luxuriantly in papaya fields and exhaust most of the applied nutrients. In the beginning, they also compete for light, air and water, resulting in poor fruiting. Deep hoeing is recommended during first year to check wed growth. Hoeing should not be done in rainy season or after fruiting since its plants are shallow-rooted. Overgrowth of weeds also causes water logging condition and makes the plants vulnerable to root-rot and foot-rot in rainy season. Therefore weeding should be regularly done, especially around the plants. Application of fluchoralin or alachlorin or butachlorine (-2.0g/ha) as pre-emergence 2 months transplanting can control all weeds for 4 months. If anybody go for plastic mulching on the papaya field then cost of herbicide, weedicide and also cost of labour during weeding operation will be minimized & also get better earning by adopting this technique.

Fig 5: Apply plastic mulch on papaya field